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A guide to private adoption agencies: What prospective adoptive parents need to know

Adopting a child is one of the most life-changing and rewarding decisions a family can make. But navigating the adoption process—especially through private agencies—can feel overwhelming at first. Whether you’re just starting your research or actively considering agencies, this guide is here to help you understand the landscape of private adoption in the United States, so you can make confident, informed decisions. 

What Is a Private Adoption Agency?

Private adoption agencies are licensed organizations that facilitate domestic or international adoptions. Unlike public agencies (which often focus on foster care and children who are wards of the state), private agencies typically work with birth parents who voluntarily place their child for adoption.

They offer a wide range of services, including:

  • Home studies
  • Adoption education and counseling
  • Legal support and coordination
  • Matching prospective parents with expectant mothers
  • Post-placement supervision

Some private agencies specialize in infant adoptions, while others may handle international placements or open adoptions where birth parents and adoptive families remain in contact.

Why Choose a Private Adoption Agency?

Choosing the right path to adoption is deeply personal, and private adoption agencies offer some advantages that may appeal to families:

  • More involvement in the process: You’ll typically have more choice in the adoption plan, such as the level of openness and the types of situations you’re comfortable with.
  • Shorter wait times (in some cases): Depending on the agency and your preferences, the wait to be matched can be shorter than through public systems.
  • Support for both birth and adoptive parents: Many private agencies offer counseling, legal guidance, and ongoing education for all parties involved.

What to Look for in an Agency

Not all private adoption agencies are created equal. Here are key factors to consider:

1. Licensing and Accreditation

Make sure the agency is licensed in your state and follows ethical adoption practices. For international adoptions, look for accreditation by the Intercountry Adoption Accreditation and Maintenance Entity (IAAME).

2. Transparency

A good agency will be open about:

  • Their process and timeline
  • Fee structure (and what’s included)
  • Matching criteria
  • Success rates and waitlist lengths

3. Education and Counseling

Does the agency offer pre-adoption training and post-adoption support? Adoption is a lifelong journey, and having the right resources can make all the difference.

4. Compatibility

Each agency has its own culture, values, and criteria for prospective parents. Find one that aligns with your family’s vision and is supportive of your unique situation—whether you’re single, LGBTQ+, or already parenting.

Questions to Ask Before You Commit

Before signing on with an agency, set up a consultation and don’t be afraid to ask tough questions:

  • How long have you been operating?
  • What is your average wait time for a match?
  • What kind of support do you offer to birth parents?
  • Do you facilitate open adoptions?
  • What happens if a placement falls through?

Estimated Costs

Private adoption can be costly. On average, domestic infant adoptions through private agencies can range from $30,000 to $60,000, depending on the services provided, location, and legal fees. Many families fund their adoption through savings, grants, loans, or employer assistance programs.

Keep in mind: an ethical agency should always explain where every dollar goes, and many will provide a detailed cost breakdown upfront.

Red Flags to Watch Out For

Unfortunately, not every agency operates ethically. Watch for:

  • Pressure tactics or promises of “guaranteed” matches
  • Lack of clarity about fees
  • Poor communication or reluctance to answer questions
  • No support services for birth parents

Top Resources to Help You Start

Here are a few places to begin your search:

Adoption is a beautiful, complex process—and the agency you choose plays a major role in your experience. Take your time, ask lots of questions, and trust your instincts. The right agency will walk alongside you with compassion, transparency, and professionalism every step of the way.

You’re not just choosing an agency - you’re choosing partners in one of the most meaningful journeys of your life.

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